Impact of Information Technology on the Military

Impact of instruction applied science on the MilitaryLT MUHAMMAD AMIRUL ZIKRI BIN TUMPANGIMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ROYAL ARMOUR CORPSIT, stands for Information engineering, and is pronounced I.T. It refers to any(prenominal)thing related to reckon engine room, such as networking, hardw be, softw be, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies. Many companies right off urinate IT departments for managing the estimators, networks, and opposite technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs include estimator scheduling, network administration, computer engineering, Web development, technical support, and some some other related occupations. Since we live in the development age, instruction engineering science has become a part of our favourite lives. That means the term IT, already bluely overused, is here to stay.What is teaching? This is graceful info with a meaning or an organized, meaningful and useful reading of data. And what is engineering? engineering is humans utilize objects (tools, machines, constitutions, and materials) to change the natural and human-make environment.Technology has always been an measurable part of war. Today, with information technology situated as the defining technology of our age it should be no surprise that IT (information technology) is a central part of war making. In fact, the US military has form both toldy determined that information is the chief(prenominal) force multiplier in battle, more than(prenominal) important than numerical superiority or force of fire, the old standards. This is because, in the US militarys view, we now come the information technologies that squeeze out non just make a crucial residuum in battle, in terms of precision weapons, intelligence, and ascendence and control, simply that these technologies might actually allow the fog (uncertainly) of war to be dispelled so that total, almost painless victories, might be won against many op ponents.The aim of this paper is to explain the impact of information technology to the proud armour Corps and does it giving any advantages to the corps.Before we go any further on this topic, we need to know the history of this information technology. Information technology has been nigh from a long, long age ago. Basically as long as people pay been around, information technology has been around because there were always a lot of ways to communicate th rumbustious with(predicate) technology available at that point in beat. There are four main ages that divided up the history of information technology. lonesome(prenominal) the latest age (electronic) and some of electromechanical age really affects us today, unless it is important for us to learn or so how we got to the point we are at with today technologies.There are four stages revolution on the information technologya. Premechanicalb. Mechanicalc. Electromechanicald. ElectronicThe premechanical age is the early age of information technology development. It laughingstock be defined as conviction in between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D. We are talking about a long, long time ago. Humans basic started communicating between individually other using language or simple picture drawings know as petroglyphs which were usually carved on the rock. Early alphabets were demonstrable such as the Phoenician alphabet.As alphabets became more popular and more people were writing information d accept, pens and paper began to be developed by humans. In the early, it started off as just marks in wet clay, but later on paper was created out of the papyrus plant. The most popular kind of paper produced is probably do by the Chinese who made it out of rags.Now that people were writing a lot of information down, they needed ways to keep it in a permanent storage. This is when the starting signal books and libraries are developed between those times. You have probably heard about the Egyptian scrolls which were popu lar ways to write down information to save. many groups of people actually binding all the paper together into a book-like form.The scratch line numbering system used is during this period of times. Around degree centigrade A.D. was when the first 1 to 9 system was created by people from the India. However, it was non until 875 A.D. (775 years later) that the number 0 was invented. And now that numbers were created, people cute stuff to do with them so they created the calculators. A calculator was the very first sign of an information processor known. The popular model of calculator during that time was the abacus.The mechanical age is when we first start to relate the connections between our watercourse technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age female genitals be defined as the time between 1450 A.D. and 1840 A.D. A lot of new technologies are developed as there is a large explosion in lodge in with this area. Technologies like the slide rule (an analog computer use d for multiplying and dividing numbers) were created. Blaise pop has invented the Pascaline which was a very popular mechanical computer during that time. Charles Babbage has developed the difference engine which can tabulate polynomial equations using the method of finite differences.There were lots of different machines created during that period of times and while we have not yet gotten to a machine that can do more than one type of calculation in one, like our modern-day calculators, we are still learning on about how all of our all-in-one machines started from the beginning. Also, if you look at the size of the machines invented during that era compared to the power behind them it seems (to us) that it is absolutely ridiculous to apprehend why anybody would want to use them, but to all the people backing in that time, ALL of these inventions were HUGE.Now we are finally getting scrawny to some technologies that resemble our modern-day technology nowadays. The electromechani cal age can be defined as the time between 1840 A.D. and 1940 A.D. These are the beginnings of the telecommunication. The telecommunicate system was created in the early 1800s. international Morse code code was created by Samuel Morse in the 1835. The telephone (one of the most popular forms of communication ever made) was created by Alexander Graham Bell in the 1876. The first ever radiocommunication were developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All of these were extremely crucial acclivitous technologies that have led us to a big advance in the information technology field.The first large-scale automatic digital computer ever in the United States was the star sign 1 computer created by Harvard University around 1940. This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons it is totally HUGE and heavy. It was programmed by using jabbing cards. How does your PC today match up to this stumblebum of metal? It was from these huge machines that people began to look at do wnsizing all of the parts available to first make them usable by businesses and lastly in your own home.The electronic age is what we currently live in nowadays. It can be defined as the time between the 1940 until now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer that capable to be reprogrammed to solve a near range of computing problems. This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for the artillery firing tables. This machine was even bigger than the Mark 1 fetching around 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons. It mainly used the vacuum tubes to do its calculations.There are 4 main sections on digital computing. The first was the era of using vacuum tubes and punch cards like the ENIAC and Mark 1. Rotating charismatic drums were used for the internal storage. The secondment contemporaries replaced the vacuum tubes with transistors, punch cards were replaced with the magnetic tape, and rotating magnetic drums were replaced by magnetic meanss for internal sto rage of the computers. Also during this time, a high-level programming language was created such as FORTRAN and COBOL. The third generation replaced the transistors with integrated circuits, magnetic tape was still used throughout all computers, and the magnetic core turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An actual operating system was showed up during this time along with the BASIC advanced programming language. The fourth and latest generation has brought in the CPUs (central processing units) which contained memory, logic, and the control circuits all on a atomic number 53 chip. The personal computer was developed then (Apple II). The graphical user port (GUI) was also developed. There is a lot more happened to all of these generations and ages but all we need to know is a just a rough overview on this. There are several characteristic of good information and technology. The following are all the characteristics.Good informationIt has to be exactMust be relevant to basic purpo sesComplete in view to the mention elements of the problemIt has to be Timely (should be communicated in time to be used )It has to be consistent and reliableIt has to be streetwiseEasy to understandIt has to be tailored to the inescapably of managers and end users.TechnologyTechnology is human knowledgeTechnology uses tools, materials and systems.Its application impart conduct into artifacts (human-made things )Technology is developed by people to modify their environment.Information technology is important in the military operation including the Royal Armour Corps. These technologies whatchamacallum are connecting the commander and their subordinates. The connection is very important since both of them needs to communicate between each other to locate the position of the enemy, their own location, a place to make a hide and other information that they need to know and acknowledge.For the improvements that Malaysian Army had done for the Royal Armour Corps is the new install ments of the SOTAS. It stands for Signal On Board Two outfit Audio System. This radio advantages is that it have a crystal clear communications, the size, fish and power that can be produced by this radio, the interoperability of the radio and many other feature that can gives us a boost for using it. SOTAS consists of a family of modular components that can be assembled and called to create perfectly fitting configurations for all vehicle types and missions. A light vehicles intercom only requires a iodin SOTAS unit. Larger and more complex systems are created by adding User Stations, earnings Nodes, software packages and hardware option modules.Other than the SOTAS unit, Malaysian Army have made an upgrades for the PT-91M (Pendekar) tank by equipping it with a Battlefield Managements System. The key features of this new system is that it provides automatized reporting and graphical orders dissemination, integrated to rock-steady data communications, IP interfaces for other co mmunications media, peripheral interface for sensor displays. The capabilities for Reconnaissance, control and Target Acquisition are also the main key features that made Malaysia to buy the systems. The main characteristics of this systems is the integrated vehicular station for sharing situational awareness, can adapt and customize functionalities to roles and missions, scalable from battalion to dismounted spend and mission supply package with relevant cartography tools. The growth improvements of these information technologies have add us to a new stage of warfare which is the information warfare. roughly modern political and military C2 systems are based on high speed communications and computers. It follows that this information infrastructure, also known as an infosphere, will be the arena in which information warfare is waged. Any system or person who participates in the C2 process will be a potential target in an IW candidacy. All of the countries have change their in formation technology systems just to compete with other armed forces to secure their communications and prevents others from sabotaging it. Information warfare, simply put, is an orchestrated effort to achieve mastery by subverting or neutralizing an enemy command and control (C2) system, while defend use of C2 systems to coordinate the actions of friendly forces. A successful IW campaign seizes initiative from an enemy commander the IW campaign allows allied forces to hunt down at a much higher tempo than an enemy can react to.The threat that already being posed by other countries is significantly high, since they have a far more advanced technology such as the ability to jam the communication by using aircraft as for the EA-6B Prowler. The aircraft is the primary tactical jamming aircraft of the US Navy, US stemma Force and the US Marine Corps. So we need a cake action from this kind of jamming method so that our information is not cut out and can be secured. Information is v ery important for the military since it can immobilize the entire forces down. Without the importance of information technology awareness, we will always take it for granted and not looking this as a major threat. While other countries have taken a big steps in improving their information and communications security. They have seen this problem as a major threat that can expose their operations if they make it vulnerable to others and to let others take advantages of it.Information state of war has significant implications for modern military theory. Under Information Warfare, the enemy soldier no longer constitutes a major target. It will focus on preventing the enemy soldier from talking to his commander. Without coordinated action, an enemy force becomes an cumbrous mob, and a battle devolves to a crowd-control issue. In the not too yon future, computer weapon systems will conduct software strikes against the enemy infosphere to dismantle command and control. Targets will be chosen for military, political or economical significance. IW opens new doors throughout the spectrum of conflict to achieve tactical, operational and strategic objectives. Malaysian Army needs to make their information security is at a high level just to prevent the enemy from taking an advantages from our communications problems.Referenceshttp//www.iwar.org.uk/iwar/resources/airchronicles/crawford.htmhttps//www.thalesgroup.com/sites/default/files/asset/document/fol_0260_05_12_sotas.pdfhttps//www.thalesgroup.com/en/canada/defence/tactical-battlefield-management-systems-t-bms-commnderhttp//www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ snitcher/http//fas.org/irp/doddir/army/ar25-1.pdfhttp//www.useoftechnology.com/importance-functions-information-technology/