Oppression of First Nation People

How is it that the indigenous of Canada transpire into the nonage and oppressed? Specific all(prenominal)y, how ar first-year republics wo workforce penetrable to multiple injustices? What atomic number 18 the origins of disadvantage & antiophthalmic compute subjugation endured by first solid grounds women in Canada, how has this blemish been celebrateed, what is its impact and how fucking it lift prohibited be intercommunicate? Ever since the belatedly 1400s when the European discovered northbound America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the primaeval nation mickle with very little rights forcing them to stand defenceless.Ever since the settlers arrived, the lives of the head start Nation population fork out eer been damaged with the implementation of new ways of living. These changes defy created an range of mountains of what offshoot Nations lot are disfavor as. These parti priss welcome lead to separates and even forms of favouritism and racialism. Unfortunately, the majority of the beliefs are negative and have been widespread amongst non offset Nations people. approximately of the unfortunate ethnic stereotypes that hold up in todays hostelry are that scratch line Nations people are poor, uneducated, dirty, bad parents, and alcoholics.These beliefs and attitudes can all be rooted from practices that European settlers have in shiply in yeted at heart Canadas institutional procedure. Systemic disfavor and onerousness towards runner Nations women can be best explained as the result of dress and in evening gown compound policies and so can be best turn to by changing the prejudiced individual. A chief illustration of prejudice that low Nations women experience is through the wellness get by arrangement.The wellness bang system has and continues to discriminate, execute racism as well as permits unified inequalities that only hinders depression Nations women. wellness b usiness concern is a direct verbalism of the affable, political, frugal, and ideological relations that exist between forbearings and the overabundant wellness portion out system (Browne and Fiske 2001). Internal compound politics throughout the years has had a major put up for on the governing wellness kick system in Canada this has resulted in the marginalization of starting Nations people. The colonial legacy of hyponymy of key people has resulted in a ultiple hazard for old women who front individual and institutional discrimination, and disadvantages on the basis of race, gender, and class (Gerber, 1990 Dion Stout, 1996Voyageur, 1996). This political naive realism is alive in the morphological and institutional train plainly almost importantly originated from the individual level that has moveed the wellness trouble experience by First Nations women. accord to the 2006 Statistics Canada, First Nations people surpassed the peerless-million mark, re aching 1,172,790 (Stats Canada, 2006). As the population seems to increase, a elongate relationship seems to arise with hopelessness in wellness.Therefore, as First Nations people population increase so is the variation in health. In relation to non- First Nations people, in that location seems to be a large gap with health worry service. It function to be fake that the reason why First Nations people analyze to avoid stuffy health forethought and kinda prefer using healing and religious methods. According to a accompany conducted, Waldram (1990) show that urban First Nations people continue to utilize conventional healing practices while living in the city, single-valued functionicularly as a complement to contemporary health.This means that they do in fact use conventional health finagle but also dispatch part in healing practices. According to the segment of Indian personal business and blue Development, statistics showed that The life expectancy of registere d Indian women was 6. 9 years fewer than for women in the total population. Mortality rates in were 10. 5 per 1,000 compared to 6. 5 for all women. Unemployment rates in for women on provide (26. 1%) were to a greater extent than 2. 5 times higher than for non-Aboriginal women (9. 9%), with general unemployment on reserves estimated at 43%. In urban centers, 80% to 90% of Aboriginal female-led households were found to exist below the poverty line, resulting by and large from dependence on measly levels of societal assistance (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, n. d. ). These inequities in health and social indicators are perfect ex group Ales of the affect of political and economic factors that allure access to health function (Browne and Fiske 2001). health criminal maintenance for First Nations people, specifically for those who live in reserve communities receiving federally run services, has been founded on colonial ideology.This allowed and influenc ed the beginning of dependency of the First Nations people upon the European policy makers (Browne and Fiske 2001). First Nations women have been exceptionally affected. A skanky ex angstromle of oppression in health finagle was the sterilization of First Nations women in the early 1970s, informly without their full consent. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, a policy of unvoluntary surgical sterilization was landd upon inwrought American women, usually without their cognition or consent (First Nations).This practice was a federally funded service . much(prenominal) sterilization practices are clearly a blatant breach of the fall in Nations Genocide Convention, which declares it an international crime to impose measures intended to prevent births within a national, ethnical, racial or religious group (First Nations). Policies such(prenominal) as these allowed for the First Nations women to outride defenceless. Today in that respect are nonetheless many examples of how systemically prejudice still exists.Today, Canadian nurses and physicians often hold and maintain negative stereotypes about aborigine men, women and churlren, in turn, provide health care that is not culturally polished (Browne and Fiske 2001). For instance, nurses may ask more searching questions regarding domestic violence and make more referrals about suspected child villainy for aboriginal clients than for uninfected clients. Studies with aboriginal Canadian women also better that rough participant belief their health concerns are trivialized, discharged or neglected due to stereotypical beliefs of nurses and physicians (Browne and Fiske 2001).Some aboriginal women have even reported feeling similar outsiders who are not entitled to health care services. This indicates that aboriginal peoples negative experience with health care headmasters have compromised the quality of care they encounter. This then reinforces their perception that aboriginal determine are not complimentsed by the western medical establishment and instilled feelings of mistrust toward care providers (Browne and Fiske 2001).Marginalization from dominant political, economic, social, and health sectors arises from and reinforces racial stereotypes that afford to views of Aboriginal people as other (Browne and Fiske 2001). For example, all those that are recognized as having Status Indians, members of the First Nation community they are entitled to non-insured health benefits that no other Canadians receive. This has created resentment and hatred from members of the dominant society with respect to free health services and often is seen as an increase of welfare.Members of the First Nation are sharply aware of the views commonly held by members of the dominant society and recognize that these perceptions contribute to negative stereotypes and the processes of othering that further alienates them from the dominant health sector (Browne and Fiske 2001). In addition to having the Indian status card, residential tutor practices have had an influence on individuals. This again is an illustration of political force out that had an influence on the mistreatment and abuse of children at these schools.From 1917 to 1946, children of this First Nation were compelled to find residential school to receive an education (Nelson, 2006). At these schools that are supposed to be a limitedion of which education is suppose to be taught thither were many instances of physical and versed abuses that created a lifetime of fear, humiliation, and mistrust. These abuses and the shame expectancies taught by the very strict teachings of sexual modesty and morality are deepen by the lived experiences of maltreatment (Nelson, 2006).The social harm of enforced residential schooltime is enormous this combined with economic and political relations shape womens health care. Many First Nations women feel as though there are dismissed by their health care providers. They believe their health concerns or symptoms were not interpreted seriously. They were either seen as inconsequential or simply dismissed by providers of which predominantly were doctors or Nurses (Nelson, 2006). The nurses and doctors assumed there was nothing wrong ahead assessing the patients figure. Individuals feel as though they have to transforming their image to gain credibility.So they feel as though they have to dress up when going to the doctors. The risk of creation dismissed was compounded by some womens reluctance to admit to cark or to outwardly express suffering, which is what they had been taught by their Catholic teachers in residential school (Nelson, 2006). Therefore, they are more likely to wait until there condition is severe before seek services, since past experiences cause them to fear that she will be dismissed by her provider. In addition, health care providers stereotype First Nations women as being very passive participants in health care.But wha t they fail to realize is that they again were taught specific ways of expressing respect one of which was to act unassertive (Nelson, 2006). another(prenominal) prejudice that First Nations encounter by health care providers are the judgments on the women as mothers. Extreme actions are usually taken by hospital staff based on assumptions. This is also another factor leading to individuals move to transform themselves. They try to change their appearance so that they look like credible medical subjects to be treated as as the every other patient.Often a difficult task when First Nation people feel like outsiders. Systemic prejudice and oppression towards First Nations women can be best explained as the result of formal and informal colonial policies and so can be best addressed by changing the prejudiced individual. A chief illustration of prejudice that First Nations women experience is through the health care system. The health care system has and continues to discriminate, exe cute racism as well as permits structured inequalities that only hinders First Nations women.The implications of providing health care to Aboriginal women must be critically analyzed to consider the incomparable social, political, economic, and historical factors influencing health care encounters at individual and institutional levels (Nelson, 2006). Women of First Nations are aware of the antithetic ways in which racial and gendered stereotypes and economic privation can influence the health care they receive (Nelson, 2006). wellness care is a raw material necessity that many of us take for granted. This disadvantage is also a representation of a First Nations womans everyday social experience.The tendency of Western nurses and doctors to bracket out the sociological and political consideration of health care encounters involving Aboriginal patients, however, stems from their professional socialization and predominantly upper-middle-class values (ONeil, 1989). It has been pr oven that there is in fact an institutional and colonial relationship with health care. Institutions are the right way symbols of Canadas recent colonial past that authoritatively affects Canadians. First Nations patient today are experiencing anti-Semite(prenominal) behaviour from health care providers and as a result disem functioning them.The difficultness has been addressed and the time now is to go this problem. Given the political and ideological context of relations between First Nations people and the Canadian state, power imbalances that give rise to the womens concerns regarding their health care are marvellous to be redressed without radical changes in the current sociological and political milieu (Nelson, 2006). Health practitioners as well as policy makers would need to conflate their work to create health care policies, practices, and educational programs.Moreover, since we are in full aware that systemic institutionalizations are primarily rooted from indivi duals the approach to shed light on this problem would be by trying to thin prejudice by changing the prejudiced individual (Morrison & Morrison, 2008). It seemed fairly obvious that because prejudice originated from the one who was doing the stereotyping that if society wants to reduce or eliminate such behaviour, it ought to direct its attention to changing that individual (Morrison & Morrison, 2008).Thus reduction efforts using education, ad role playing, propaganda and confrontation techniques are examples of attempts to reduce prejudice (Morrison & Morrison, 2008). The breakout in individual behaviours will in turn change mainstream health care. References Browne, A. J. , and Fiske, J. (2001). First Nations womens encounters with mainstream health care services. Western Journal of Nursing, 23, 126- 147. Dion Stout, M. D. (1996). Aboriginal CanadaWomen and health. Paper prepared for the Canada-U. S. A. Forum onWomens Health Online. Ottawa, Canada. Available http//www . c-sc. gc. ca/canusa/papers/canada/english/indigen. htm Forced sterilization of Native Americans. (n. d. ). In cyclopaedia Net Industries online. Retrieved from http//encyclopedia. jrank. org/articles/pages/6242/Forced-Sterilization-of-Native-Americans. html Gerber, L. M. (1990). Multiple jeopardy A socio-economic comparison of men and women among the Indian, Metis and Inuit peoples of Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 22(3), 69-84. Morrison, G. T. , & Morrison, A. M. (Eds. ). (2008). The psychological science of Modern Prejudice. New York, NY Nova erudition Publishers, Inc. Nelson, D.T. (2006). The Psychology of Prejudice. Boston, MA Pearson Education, Inc. ONeil, J. D. (1989). The cultural and political context of patient dissatisfaction in cross-cultural clinical encounters A Canadian Inuit study. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 3(4), 325-344 Stats Canada. (2006). First Nations Health Care. Retrieved from http//www12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng. cfm Voyag eur, C. J. (1996). Contemporary Indian women. In D. A. Long & O. P. Dickason (Eds. ), Visions of the heart Canadian aboriginal issues (pp. 93-115). Toronto, Canada Harcourt causeOppression of First Nation PeopleHow is it that the indigenous of Canada transpire into the minority and oppressed? Specifically, how are First Nations women vulnerable to multiple prejudices? What are the origins of prejudice & oppression experienced by First Nations women in Canada, how has this prejudice been maintained, what is its impact and how can it best be addressed? Ever since the late 1400s when the European discovered North America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the first nation people with very little rights forcing them to stand defenceless.Ever since the settlers arrived, the lives of the First Nation people have forever been damaged with the implementation of new ways of living. These changes have created an image of what First Nations people are prejudic ed as. These prejudices have lead to stereotypes and even forms of discrimination and racism. Unfortunately, the majority of the beliefs are negative and have been widespread amongst non First Nations people. Some of the unfortunate cultural stereotypes that exist in todays society are that First Nations people are poor, uneducated, dirty, bad parents, and alcoholics.These beliefs and attitudes can all be rooted from practices that European settlers have indirectly instilled within Canadas institutional procedure. Systemic prejudice and oppression towards First Nations women can be best explained as the result of formal and informal colonial policies and so can be best addressed by changing the prejudiced individual. A chief illustration of prejudice that First Nations women experience is through the health care system.The health care system has and continues to discriminate, execute racism as well as permits structured inequalities that only hinders First Nations women. Health care is a direct reflection of the social, political, economic, and ideological relations that exist between patients and the dominant health care system (Browne and Fiske 2001). Internal colonial politics throughout the years has had a major influence on the dominant health care system in Canada this has resulted in the marginalization of First Nations people. The colonial legacy of subordination of Aboriginal people has resulted in a ultiple jeopardy for Aboriginal women who face individual and institutional discrimination, and disadvantages on the basis of race, gender, and class (Gerber, 1990 Dion Stout, 1996Voyageur, 1996). This political reality is alive in the structural and institutional level but most importantly originated from the individual level that has affected the health care experience by First Nations women. According to the 2006 Statistics Canada, First Nations people surpassed the one-million mark, reaching 1,172,790 (Stats Canada, 2006). As the population seems to i ncrease, a linear relationship seems to arise with hopelessness in health.Therefore, as First Nations people population increase so is the disparity in health. In comparison to non- First Nations people, there seems to be a large gap with health care service. It use to be assumed that the reason why First Nations people try to avoid conventional health care and instead prefer using healing and spiritual methods. According to a survey conducted, Waldram (1990) found that urban First Nations people continue to utilize traditional healing practices while living in the city, particularly as a complement to contemporary health.This means that they do in fact use conventional health care but also take part in healing practices. According to the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, statistics showed that The life expectancy of registered Indian women was 6. 9 years fewer than for women in the total population. Mortality rates in were 10. 5 per 1,000 compared to 6. 5 for a ll women. Unemployment rates in for women on reserve (26. 1%) were more than 2. 5 times higher than for non-Aboriginal women (9. 9%), with overall unemployment on reserves estimated at 43%. In urban centers, 80% to 90% of Aboriginal female-led households were found to exist below the poverty line, resulting largely from dependence on meagre levels of social assistance (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, n. d. ). These inequities in health and social indicators are perfect examples of the affect of political and economic factors that influence access to health services (Browne and Fiske 2001). Health care for First Nations people, specifically for those who live in reserve communities receiving federally run services, has been founded on colonial ideology.This allowed and influenced the beginning of dependency of the First Nations people upon the European policy makers (Browne and Fiske 2001). First Nations women have been exceptionally affected. A severe example of oppression in health care was the sterilization of First Nations women in the early 1970s, reportedly without their full consent. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, a policy of involuntary surgical sterilization was imposed upon Native American women, usually without their knowledge or consent (First Nations).This practice was a federally funded service . Such sterilization practices are clearly a blatant breach of the United Nations Genocide Convention, which declares it an international crime to impose measures intended to prevent births within a national, ethnical, racial or religious group (First Nations). Policies such as these allowed for the First Nations women to stay defenceless. Today there are still many examples of how systemically prejudice still exists.Today, Canadian nurses and physicians often hold and maintain negative stereotypes about aboriginal men, women and children, in turn, provide health care that is not culturally sensitive (Browne and Fiske 2001 ). For instance, nurses may ask more probing questions regarding domestic violence and make more referrals about suspected child abuse for aboriginal clients than for white clients. Studies with aboriginal Canadian women also reveal that some participant feel their health concerns are trivialized, dismissed or neglected due to stereotypic beliefs of nurses and physicians (Browne and Fiske 2001).Some aboriginal women have even reported feeling like outsiders who are not entitled to health care services. This indicates that aboriginal peoples negative experience with health care professionals have compromised the quality of care they receive. This then reinforces their perception that aboriginal values are not regard by the western medical establishment and instilled feelings of mistrust toward care providers (Browne and Fiske 2001).Marginalization from dominant political, economic, social, and health sectors arises from and reinforces racial stereotypes that contribute to views of A boriginal people as other (Browne and Fiske 2001). For example, all those that are recognized as having Status Indians, members of the First Nation community they are entitled to non-insured health benefits that no other Canadians receive. This has created bitterness and hatred from members of the dominant society with respect to free health services and often is seen as an addition of welfare.Members of the First Nation are acutely aware of the views commonly held by members of the dominant society and recognize that these perceptions contribute to negative stereotypes and the processes of othering that further alienates them from the dominant health sector (Browne and Fiske 2001). In addition to having the Indian status card, residential school practices have had an influence on individuals. This again is an illustration of political power that had an influence on the mistreatment and abuse of children at these schools.From 1917 to 1946, children of this First Nation were compell ed to attend residential school to receive an education (Nelson, 2006). At these schools that are supposed to be a building of which education is suppose to be taught there were many instances of physical and sexual abuses that created a lifetime of fear, humiliation, and mistrust. These abuses and the shame expectancies taught by the very strict teachings of sexual modesty and morality are compounded by the lived experiences of maltreatment (Nelson, 2006).The social harm of enforced residential schooling is enormous this combined with economic and political relations shape womens health care. Many First Nations women feel as though there are dismissed by their health care providers. They believe their health concerns or symptoms were not taken seriously. They were either seen as inconsequential or simply dismissed by providers of which predominantly were doctors or Nurses (Nelson, 2006). The nurses and doctors assumed there was nothing wrong before assessing the patients condition. Individuals feel as though they have to transforming their image to gain credibility.So they feel as though they have to dress up when going to the doctors. The risk of being dismissed was compounded by some womens reluctance to admit to pain or to outwardly express suffering, which is what they had been taught by their Catholic teachers in residential school (Nelson, 2006). Therefore, they are more likely to wait until there condition is severe before seeking services, since past experiences cause them to fear that she will be dismissed by her provider. In addition, health care providers stereotype First Nations women as being very passive participants in health care.But what they fail to realize is that they again were taught specific ways of expressing respect one of which was to act unassertive (Nelson, 2006). Another prejudice that First Nations encounter by health care providers are the judgments on the women as mothers. Extreme actions are usually taken by hospital staff bas ed on assumptions. This is also another factor leading to individuals trying to transform themselves. They try to change their appearance so that they look like credible medical subjects to be treated equally as the every other patient.Often a difficult task when First Nation people feel like outsiders. Systemic prejudice and oppression towards First Nations women can be best explained as the result of formal and informal colonial policies and so can be best addressed by changing the prejudiced individual. A chief illustration of prejudice that First Nations women experience is through the health care system. The health care system has and continues to discriminate, execute racism as well as permits structured inequalities that only hinders First Nations women.The implications of providing health care to Aboriginal women must be critically analyzed to consider the unique social, political, economic, and historical factors influencing health care encounters at individual and institut ional levels (Nelson, 2006). Women of First Nations are aware of the different ways in which racial and gendered stereotypes and economic privation can influence the health care they receive (Nelson, 2006). Health care is a basic necessity that many of us take for granted. This disadvantage is also a representation of a First Nations womans everyday social experience.The tendency of Western nurses and doctors to bracket out the sociological and political context of health care encounters involving Aboriginal patients, however, stems from their professional socialization and predominantly middle-class values (ONeil, 1989). It has been proven that there is in fact an institutional and colonial relationship with health care. Institutions are powerful symbols of Canadas recent colonial past that currently affects Canadians. First Nations patient today are experiencing discriminatory behaviour from health care providers and as a result disempowering them.The difficulty has been addressed and the time now is to solve this problem. Given the political and ideological context of relations between First Nations people and the Canadian state, power imbalances that give rise to the womens concerns regarding their health care are unlikely to be redressed without radical changes in the current sociological and political environment (Nelson, 2006). Health practitioners as well as policy makers would need to integrate their work to create health care policies, practices, and educational programs.Moreover, since we are fully aware that systemic institutionalizations are originally rooted from individuals the approach to solve this problem would be by trying to reduce prejudice by changing the prejudiced individual (Morrison & Morrison, 2008). It seemed fairly obvious that because prejudice originated from the one who was doing the stereotyping that if society wants to reduce or eliminate such behaviour, it ought to direct its attention to changing that individual (Morrison & Morrison, 2008).Thus reduction efforts using education, ad role playing, propaganda and confrontation techniques are examples of attempts to reduce prejudice (Morrison & Morrison, 2008). The shift in individual behaviours will in turn change mainstream health care. References Browne, A. J. , and Fiske, J. (2001). First Nations womens encounters with mainstream health care services. Western Journal of Nursing, 23, 126- 147. Dion Stout, M. D. (1996). Aboriginal CanadaWomen and health. Paper prepared for the Canada-U. S. A. Forum onWomens Health Online. Ottawa, Canada. Available http//www. c-sc. gc. ca/canusa/papers/canada/english/indigen. htm Forced Sterilization of Native Americans. (n. d. ). In Encyclopedia Net Industries online. Retrieved from http//encyclopedia. jrank. org/articles/pages/6242/Forced-Sterilization-of-Native-Americans. html Gerber, L. M. (1990). Multiple jeopardy A socio-economic comparison of men and women among the Indian, Metis and Inuit peoples of Canad a. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 22(3), 69-84. Morrison, G. T. , & Morrison, A. M. (Eds. ). (2008). The psychology of Modern Prejudice. New York, NY Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Nelson, D.T. (2006). The Psychology of Prejudice. Boston, MA Pearson Education, Inc. ONeil, J. D. (1989). The cultural and political context of patient dissatisfaction in cross-cultural clinical encounters A Canadian Inuit study. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 3(4), 325-344 Stats Canada. (2006). First Nations Health Care. Retrieved from http//www12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng. cfm Voyageur, C. J. (1996). Contemporary Indian women. In D. A. Long & O. P. Dickason (Eds. ), Visions of the heart Canadian aboriginal issues (pp. 93-115). Toronto, Canada Harcourt Brace